任何时候,人才始终是最重要的,人才培养更要先行一步。无论是为了在知识产权国际规则的制定与变革中贡献中国方案和智慧,或者为了在中美乃至国际知识产权合作或冲突中对话谈判,还是建设和实施新科技革命背景下的知识产权制度,都需要有扎根中国、有国际视野、精通法律、熟悉技术的复合型知识产权优秀人才。知识产权人才培养也要依照国际水准,加倍努力,奋起直追。
最后,但并非是题外的话:我国建立和发展知识产权制度的历史经验和教训告诉我们,要充分认识知识产权制度是市场经济的法律制度,要深刻反思,我国知识产权制度建设中出现的一些问题,都是源于我们对这一制度本质认识的不足。
放眼世界,立足中国,建设中国特色的知识产权制度,这既是打赢中美贸易战的锦囊妙计,更是我们破解“李约瑟之谜”、把握新科技革命的机遇、建设知识产权强国和世界科技强国的制胜法宝。
(本文为国家社会科学基金重点项目“3D打印产业涉及的知识产权问题研究”的阶段性成果,项目批准号:14AZD105)
注释
[1][18]张中元:《中美贸易战背景下的知识产权冲突》,中国日报网,。
[2][4][19]岳健勇:《中美贸易战:中国的生死之战》,《凤凰周刊》,2018年7月15日,总第657期,?id=6230#xgbd。
[3]Jethro Mullen, "China: Trade talks with the US are back on", CNN Money, August 15, 2018, 11:49 PM ET.
[5][6][13]寇宗来:《专利制度与工业革命》,《文汇报》,2012年8月6日。
[7][德]鲁道夫·克拉瑟:《专利法——德国专利和实用新型法、欧洲和国际专利法(第6版)》,单晓光、张韬略、于鑫淼等译,北京:知识产权出版社,2016年5月,第76~83页。
[8]知识产权密集型产业是以专利、商标、版权等知识产权客体的一种或多种组合的集中优势,运用市场经济制度进行创造、保护和运用,从而获取收益的产业。它具有知识产权的高密集性、法律保护的高依赖性、经济上的高增性和高风险性等特征,包括但不限于专利密集型、商标密集型、版权密集型、软件密集型产业等。知识产权密集性产业的经济贡献目前是国际上比较认可的度量知识产权经济作用的重要指标之一。参见单晓光、姜南、漆苏:《知识产权强国之路——知识产权密集型产业研究》,上海人民出版社,2016年7月,第27页。
[9]"Intellectual Property and the U.S. Economy:Industries in Focus", https://www.uspto.gov/learning-and-resources/ip-motion/intellectual-property-and-us-economy.
[10]"Intellectual property rights intensive industries: contribution to economic performance and employment in the European Union- Industry-Level Analysis Report", September 2013, https://www.epo.org/service-support/publications.html?pubid=87#tab3.
[11]"Intellectual Property and the U.S. Economy: 2016 Update", https://www.uspto.gov/learning-and-resources/ip-motion/intellectual-property-and-us-economy; "Intellectual property rights intensive industries: contribution to economic performance and employment in the European Union-Industry-Level Analysis Report", October 2016, $File/ipr_intensive_industries_report_en.pdf.
[12]Paul Goldstein, Joseph Straus (ed.), MPI Studies on Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law 9: Intellectual Property in Asia, Laws, Economics History and Politics, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2009, p.17;寇宗来:《专利制度与工业革命》,《文汇报》,2012年8月6日。
[14]马宁:《从〈专利法〉的三次修改谈中国专利立法价值趋向的变化》,《知识产权》,2009年第9期,第69页。
[15]单晓光、徐骁枫、常旭华、陈旭,《基于行业中类的专利密集型产业测度及其影响因》,《同济大学学报(自然科学版)》,2018年5月第46卷第5期,第702页。
[16]https://www.epo.org/news-issues/press/releases/archive/2017/20171211.html.
[17][21]DietmarHarhoff, Stefan Heumann, Nicola Jentzsch, Philippe Lorenz, Eckpunkte einernationalenStrategiefürKünstliche Intelligenz,S.2, Mai 2018, https://www.ip.mpg.de/fileadmin/ipmpg/content/aktuelles/Eckpunkte_einer_nationalen_Strategie_fuer_Kuenstliche_Intelligenz.pdf.
[20][22]林广海:《人民法院知识产权司法保护工作取得显著成效》,《中国知识产权》(网络版),2018年1月27日,?21667.html。
责 编/周于琬
Analysis of the Intellectual Property Right Issue in the Sino-US Trade War
Shan Xiaoguang
Abstract: The Sino-US trade war is essentially a war of intellectual property rights (IPR). The US attempts to use IPR as a tool for containing China's technological competitiveness in the new technological revolution. The IPR system is closely related to the progress of the scientific and technological revolution. It is the constant changes of the IPR system that have given impetus to the development of previous scientific and technological revolutions and have had a tremendous impact on the society and economy. Since the reform and opening up, China has been trying to establish a sound IPR system in an increasingly active manner. Until now, it has created an IPR system that conforms to the internationally accepted rules, which has had a positive impact on the society and economy. The US accusation is a deliberate distortion of history and reality. Only when we build an IPR system with Chinese characteristics by taking into account both the international practices and China's conditions, can we catch the opportunities of the new scientific and technological revolution, win the Sino-US trade war, develop China's capacity in intellectual properties, and get China to become a world scientific and technological power.
Keywords: Scientific and technological revolution, Sino-US trade war, IPR